Biological control can be highly effective, but performance depends on more than choosing a natural enemy from a catalogue.
Evidence for the target system
Start with evidence for the specific pest, crop and production environment. Laboratory efficacy does not automatically translate into field or greenhouse performance.
Timing and release strategy
Preventive versus curative use, pest density, release rate and frequency can materially change outcomes.
Environmental compatibility
Temperature, humidity, crop architecture and production practices can affect establishment and activity.
Compatibility with the wider IPM program
Review pesticide side effects, other natural enemies, sanitation practices and treatment timing. A biological agent must function inside the complete program.
Monitoring and interpretation
Define what establishment and control will look like. Monitoring should distinguish temporary suppression from durable control.